” . . . and I now resolved that, however long I might remain a slave in form, the day had passed forever when I could be a slave in fact.”
The key terms in this phrase, form and fact, are indicative of how Douglass distinguishes himself as a free man and an independent thinker. Form is simply the appearance, a description of qualifications, and indeed Douglass had those qualifications. He was born a slave, had the skin of a slave, dressed like a slave, and worked like a slave. But he didn’t not remain illiterate like a majority of slaves, and he learned here and there how to read and write. He witnessed and experienced some of the worst atrocities of slavery, and, though he worked for various masters, he abhorred his miserable state of slave-hood. He refused to accept a life of enslavement, and that is the distinction he’s making with the terms he chose. Although he had the form of a slave, he would not renounce his sense of self, and he was determined to never have the broken spirit of a slave. It is this small inward victory that encouraged him to travel north, find work for himself and not a master, and it helped him to shed the residue of fear and inferiority left on him from his enslavement. Not only was he in a free state, he was a free man in spirit and self-esteem.